Accessibility in Forms

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Overview

Let's create accessible PDF forms.

Forms need to be made accessible due to the increasing use of technology; most forms are provided in PDF, HTML, Microsoft Word, Google Docs, etc. The PDF forms are most commonly used. If the forms are not accessible, people using screen readers or keyboards will not fill them. PDF forms are different from HTML forms. In HTML forms, you need to associate the label text with the input field. Label text is not possible to add in PDF forms, but Adobe offers a way around that. PDF forms have some limitations. It is recommended to use Google Forms and HTML forms if possible.

To create PDF forms and make them accessible, you will need the Adobe Acrobat DC to access the prepare form tool.

After completing this training guide you will be able to:

1. Add form fields to make accessible forms
2. Write proper tooltips to improve accessibility
3. Learn about tags in accessible forms
4. Set the correct tab order
5. Learn about additional form features in Acrobat DC 
6. Grasp how the document properties create a solid foundation
7. Perform accessibility tests

Add Form Fields to Make Accessible Forms

The Adobe Acrobat DC's Prepare Form tool enables you to add form fields. If you do not see the tool in the tool list on the right side of the screen, find it in the following ways:

1. Click on the More Tools option.
   
   Scroll down in the tool list until you see the Prepare Form tool.
   
   Click on the Add button below it.
2. Type “Prepare Form” in the Search tool field on the right side of the document window to find it another way.
   
   
   When you find this tool, click on Prepare Form. The following window will appear:
   
   
3. If the document requires signatures, click the checkbox that says, "This document requires signatures" (Tip: signature should be required only when absolutely necessary). Then, click on the Start button. Checking this prompts the program to populate some or all of your form fields.
4. You may need to add fields manually if you've created a complex form.

Learn how to create different form fields.

Write proper tooltips to improve accessibility

Tooltips in PDF form are like alt text to images. Writing descriptive tooltips is critical to screen readers. Write clear and concise tooltips.

How to add tooltips

Right-click on the field and select Properties > General to access the Tooltips.

Tips

A good example of a tooltip for the field below would be “Mother’s first name.” Your tooltip text should be fewer than 50 characters.

Tooltips on form fields such as checkboxes and radio buttons can be tricky. For checkboxes, include the number of total checkboxes you have. In the example below there are 4.

A good example of tooltips for the checkboxes above would be:

When writing tooltips for radio buttons, include the question. For example, for the field below, the tooltip for both Yes and No radio buttons would be “Do you plan to drive?”. However, you do not need to include “yes” or “no” in the tooltip because, for the radio buttons, the screen reader announces the options. For example, for the Yes radio button in the field below, the NVDA screen reader announces, “Do you plan to drive? Yes, radio button not checked”.

What are tags in accessible forms?

Tags in a form document are similar to HTML tags, used by assistive technologies to identify the content that is important to read. For example, headings are added to heading tags (<h>), form fields are added to form tags (<form>), paragraphs are added to paragraph tags (<p>), etc.

Tags define the order of the content in the document. The screen reader reads the content by its tagged order. If you do not add correct tags, screen readers will not read them correctly, and it can be very confusing. For example, if the form field is tagged in a paragraph tag instead of a form tag, the screen reader will not announce it is a form field, and the user will not be able to fill it.

If you do not tag the content, the screen reader will not read that content. Unfortunately, creating form fields in the PDF document does not create form tags. New steps are required to create form tags for all the fields. Add the tags in PDF using Acrobat DC or a PDF remediation software.

Acrobat DC can automatically add tags to a document if it is not already tagged. To use the autotag feature:

1. In the Tools pane, select Accessibility. You may have to search for it in "More Tools" if you do not see it in your Tools pane.
2. Select Autotag Document
3. You can review the tags by going to View in the top toolbar then Show/Hide > Navigation Panes > Accessibility Tags

Set the correct tab order

Tab order is the order in which the form fields are navigated when the user presses the TAB key. Setting the correct tab order is critical for screen readers to work properly; otherwise, it will confuse screen reader users and users using only the keyboard for navigation.

Acrobat has a feature that enables you to set the tab order. On the right side, click on the dropdown button beside the text “Fields.”

You should see the following options:

You can order tabs:

• By Structure: This option automatically sets the tab order. For complex forms, this option may not yield desired tab order. In that case, you should choose the “Order Tabs Manually” option.
• By Row: This option sets the tab order left to right.
• By Column: This option sets the tab order top to bottom.
• Manually: This option enables you to set the tab order manually by clicking and dragging fields in the list of fields on the right side.
  
  

We recommend checking the order by pressing the TAB key on the keyboard to navigate the form fields. Then, fix the correct order of the form fields by using the steps above.

Additional Features

Adobe offers additional features other than form fields to add content to the form.

• Text: Use this feature to add text to the document.
  
• Button: Create a button using this feature. Once you have added the button, right-click on it to access Properties > Actions to add JavaScript code to define the button’s functionality.
  
• Picture: Use this feature to add an image placeholder that will enable the user to upload a picture in the document.
  
• Barcode: This feature enables you to add a barcode to the document.
  

Document Properties create a solid foundation

Consider the document properties of title and language while making your document accessible. The document title is different from the file name. If you do not set a document title, the title defaults to the file name, which is not always readable. For example, without a title for the document below the screen reader will use the file name for the title and announce the title as “file 1 dot pdf”.

Set the document language so screen readers can identify the language. For example, if your document is in Spanish and the document language is not set, the screen reader will not read the document correctly because it will not pronounce words correctly.

To add the title:

1. Go to File > Properties
2. Add the Title in the Description tab.
   
   

To change the language:

1. Go to the Advanced tab in the Properties panel.
2. Correct or add the document language.
   
   

Accessibility Testing

Learn how to perform accessibility tests on your PDF.